World War II USS Cowpens (CVL-25)

USS Cowpens (CVL-25) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Aircraft Carrier Shipyard:  New York Shipbuilding Corporation Laid Down:  November 17, 1941 Launched:  January 17, 1943 Commissioned:  May 28, 1943 Fate:  Sold for scrap, 1960 USS Cowpens (CVL-25) - Specifications Displacement:  11,000 tons   Length:  622 ft., 6 in. Beam:  109 ft. 2 in. Draft:  26 ft. Propulsion:  Four boilers powering 4 General Electric turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed:  32 knots Complement:  1,569 men USS Cowpens  (CVL-25) - Armament 26 Ãâ€"  Bofors 40 mm guns10 Ãâ€"  Oerlikon 20 mm cannons Aircraft 30-45 aircraft USS Cowpens (CVL-25) - Design: With  World War II ongoing in Europe and rising troubles with Japan, US President Franklin D.  Roosevelt became concerned about the fact that the US Navy did not anticipate any new aircraft carriers to join the fleet before 1944.   As a result, in 1941 he ordered the General Board to look into the possibility of whether any of the cruisers then being built could be converted to carriers to reinforce the services  Lexington-  and  Yorktown-class  ships.   Answering on October 13, the General Board reported that while such alterations were possible, the level of compromise required would badly reduce their effectiveness.   As a former Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Roosevelt refused to let the issue drop and asked the Bureau of Ships (BuShips) to conduct a second study. Presenting the results on October 25, BuShips stated that such conversions were possible and, while the ships would have limited capabilities relative to existing fleet carriers, could be finished much sooner.   Following the Japanese  attack on Pearl Harbor  on December 7 and US entry into World War II, the US Navy responded by accelerating the construction of the new  Essex-class  fleet carriers and moving to convert several  Cleveland-class light cruisers, then under construction, into light carriers.   As conversion plans were finished, they showed more potential than originally hoped.    Incorporating narrow and short flight and hangar decks, the new  Independence-class required blisters to be added to the cruiser hulls to help offset the increase in weight topside.   Maintaining their original cruiser speed of 30 knots, the class was dramatically faster than other types of light and escort carriers which allowed them to operate with the US Navys larger fleet carriers.   Due to their smaller size, the  Independence-class  ships air groups often numbered around 30 aircraft.   While intended to be a balanced mix of fighters, dive bombers, and torpedo bombers, by 1944 air groups were often fighter heavy. USS Cowpens (CVL-25) - Construction: The fourth ship of the new class, USS Cowpens (CV-25) was laid down as the  Cleveland-class light cruiser USS Huntington (CL-77) at New York Shipbuilding Corporation (Camden, NJ), on November 17, 1941.   Designated for conversion to an aircraft carrier and renamed Cowpens after the American Revolution battle of the same name, it slid down the ways on January 17, 1943, with the daughter of Admiral William Bull Halsey, acting as sponsor.   Construction continued and it entered commission on May 28, 1943 with Captain R.P. McConnell in command.   Conducting shakedown and training operations, Cowpens was re-designated CVL-25 on July 15 to distinguish it as a light carrier.   On August 29, the carrier departed Philadelphia for the Pacific.   USS Cowpens (CVL-25) - Entering the Fight: Reaching Pearl Harbor  on September 19, Cowpens operated in Hawaiian waters until sailing south as part of Task Force 14.   After conducting strikes against Wake Island in early October, the carrier returned to port to prepare for attacks in the Central Pacific.   Putting to sea, Cowpens then raided Mili in late November before supporting American forces during the Battle of Makin.   After conducting attacks on Kwajalein and Wotje in early December, the carrier returned to Pearl Harbor.   Assigned to TF 58 (Fast Carrier Task Force), Cowpens departed for the Marshall Islands in January and aided in the invasion of Kwajalein.   The following month, it participated in a devastating series of strikes on the Japanese fleet anchorage at Truk.    USS Cowpens (CVL-25) - Island Hopping: Moving on, TF 58 attacked the Marianas before commencing a series of raids in the western Caroline Islands.   Concluding this mission on April 1, Cowpens received orders to support General Douglas MacArthurs landings at Hollandia, New Guinea later that month.   Turning north after this effort, the carrier struck Truk, Satawan, and Ponape before making port at Majuro.   Following several weeks of training, Cowpens steamed north to take part in operations against the Japanese in the Marianas.   Arriving in the islands in early June, the carrier helped cover the landings on Saipan before participating in the Battle of the Philippine Sea on June 19-20.   In the wake of the battle, Cowpens returned to Pearl Harbor for an overhaul. Rejoining TF 58 in mid-August, Cowpens launched pre-invasion attacks against Peleliu, before covering the landings on Morotai.   Late September and early October saw the carrier participate in raids against Luzon, Okinawa, and Formosa.   During the attack on Formosa, Cowpens aided in covering the withdrawal of the cruisers USS Canberra (CA-70) and USS Houston (CL-81) which had sustained torpedo hits from Japanese aircraft.   En route to Ulithi with Vice Admiral John S. McCains Task Group 38.1 (Hornet, Wasp, Hancock, and Monterey), Cowpens and its consorts were recalled in late October to take part in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.   Remaining in the Philippines through December, it conducted operations against Luzon and weathered Typhoon Cobra. USS Cowpens (CVL-25) - Later Actions: Following repairs after the storm, Cowpens returned to Luzon and aided in the landings at Lingayen Gulf in early January.   Completing this duty, it joined other carriers in launching a series of raids against Formosa, Indochina, Hong Kong, and Okinawa.   In February, Cowpens began attacks against the home islands of Japan as well as supported troops ashore during the invasion of Iwo Jima.   After further raids against Japan and Okinawa, Cowpens left the fleet and steamed for San Francisco to receive an extended overhaul.   Emerging from the yard on June 13, the carrier attacked Wake Island a week later before reaching Leyte.   Rendezvousing with TF 58, Cowpens moved north and resumed strikes on Japan. Cowpens aircraft remained engaged in this duty until the end of the hostilities on August 15.   The first American carrier to enter Tokyo Bay, it remained in position until the occupation landings began on August 30.   During this time, Cowpens air group flew reconnaissance missions over Japan looking for prisoner of war camps and airfields as well as aided in securing Yokosuka airfield and liberating prisoners near Niigata.   With the formal Japanese surrender on September 2, the carrier remained in the area until commencing Operation Magic Carpet voyages in November.   These saw Cowpens assist in returning American service men back to the United States.    Completing Magic Carpet duty in January 1946, Cowpens moved into reserve status at Mare Island that December.   Kept in mothballs for the next thirteen years, the carrier was re-designated as an aircraft transport (AVT-1) on May 15, 1959.   This new status proved brief as the US Navy elected to strike Cowpens from the Naval Vessel Register on November 1.   This done, the carrier was then sold for scrap in 1960.   Ã‚   Selected Sources DANFS: USS  Cowpens  (CVL-25)NavSource: USS  Cowpens  (CVL-25)NPS: USS  Cowpens

Breast Cancer Research Papers - Where Can You Find Information on Research Papers Related to Your Topic?

<h1>Breast Cancer Research Papers - Where Can You Find Information on Research Papers Related to Your Topic?</h1><p>Most individuals don't accept that you can discover data on the web. In any case, they will be stunned when they see the measure of bosom malignant growth look into papers that you can discover by basically looking through a term or two on the web. In the event that you need to see increasingly about the way toward investigating bosom malignant growth explore papers, at that point read on. I will reveal to you how you can discover data on look into papers identified with your topic.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you ought to would when you like to discover data on malignancy inquire about papers is to locate some solid sources. You have to realize who is giving out this data and you have to do this before you start. This is the best way to guarantee that you get exact data. The following stage is to go to the web and quest for th e subject that you are investigating. In the event that the subject is identified with bosom malignancy look into papers, at that point you will need to find the data online.</p><p></p><p>The subsequent stage is to locate some free databases so you can get a ton of data in a single spot. The subsequent stage is to visit these databases and utilize the web crawlers to find the data you need. At the point when you do this, you will have numerous alternatives accessible to you, which is incredible in light of the fact that you will have the option to browse various approaches to find the data you need.</p><p></p><p>It is ideal to get the data you need immediately, so you can abstain from continuing looking for quite a while, sitting tight for your exploration papers to come in. The following stage is to attempt to discover the sites that offer free data. You should begin by taking a gander at the free databases accessible, and afterward y ou can move to discover the sites that offer the data you need.</p><p></p><p>To discover data on bosom malignant growth investigate papers, you will need to concentrate on the most exhaustive and refreshed sites that are accessible. These sites will typically offer free reports, which will assist you with getting some answers concerning bosom malignant growth inquire about. It is essential to realize that there are various things that you can find out about disease, and you ought to consistently approach data on the web. This is the best way to guarantee that you are doing all that you can to keep yourself and your family safe.</p><p></p><p>If you need to do a great deal of research on bosom malignancy explore papers, at that point you have to realize where to search for them. Since inquire about papers are not handily discovered, you might be glancing in an inappropriate spots. You will need to concentrate on data found on the free da tabases. The majority of the data that you find on the web is frequently free, so this is an incredible spot to begin when you need to discover data on malignancy look into papers.</p><p></p><p>You should attempt to discover more data on inquire about papers when you can discover them. You should ensure that you keep on getting the data that you need with the goal that you can remain educated. You ought to likewise have the option to comprehend what you are perusing with the goal that you can settle on the best choices possible.</p><p></p><p>You ought to do all that you can to forestall malignant growth, and research papers are the way to progress. On the off chance that you need to do the examination to get some answers concerning bosom malignant growth investigate papers, at that point you have to concentrate on the web. Finding the data that you need is simpler than at any other time, so ensure that you see the entirety of the subtl eties before you focus on anything.</p>

Choosing a Custom Term Paper Writing Service

<h1>Choosing a Custom Term Paper Writing Service</h1><p>When you have to get a custom research project composed for you, at that point it is significant that you pick the correct specialist co-op. Obviously, you will have the option to discover a few administrations that will give you a custom research paper composing administration and others won't. In the event that you have to get a custom research paper composed for you and can't do it without anyone's help, at that point you ought to consider getting an expert to do it for you.</p><p></p><p>However, fortunately there are a few experts who can accomplish the work for you. The principal thing you need to know is which kind of administration you have to utilize. There are a wide range of administrations that can be utilized relying upon what you are searching for. For instance, in the event that you need something somewhat more formal than the normal, at that point you may have the option t o utilize one of the organization that offer their administrations continuously or the day.</p><p></p><p>This is particularly helpful in the event that you need the activity to complete rapidly and need it done quick. You can generally look at a portion of the subtleties on the web and see what they can accomplish for you. In any case, you have to ensure that the individuals you are recruiting are experts and have the experience to compose the activity for you. You will likewise need to see if the organization has their own reports or works with another person's documents.</p><p></p><p>One of the advantages of utilizing an expert assistance is that they will most likely deal with your undertaking for you such that you will like. It may sound mushy, yet they are the specialists at what they do. This implies you will probably have something that appears as though a genuine archive yet is really from an expert organization. At long last, it will make your activity simpler in light of the fact that you will complete your work effectively and fast.</p><p></p><p>Another advantage of a decent custom research paper composing administration is that they can deal with the work for you in a manner that is novel to you. You might need to utilize their administrations in the event that you are going to give them the task and they don't have any experience doing it. For this situation, it will most likely be more probable that you will have the option to alter the record and make it what you need it to be.</p><p></p><p>These are a portion of the benefits of utilizing a custom research project composing administration. Obviously, there are numerous others that are accessible. This equitable gives you a couple of instances of how utilizing a custom research project composing administration can assist you with completing your activity quicker and in a manner that is one of a kind to you.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous advantages to utilizing a custom research paper composing administration. Much of the time, it will make your activity simpler and progressively effective. That is the reason you should utilize this administration to complete your activity rapidly and in a manner that is novel to you.</p>

Research Paper Topics on the Harlem Renaissance

<h1>Research Paper Topics on the Harlem Renaissance</h1><p>Writing an examination paper on the Harlem Renaissance is a fascinating subject. This was a period in American history when African Americans turned out to be increasingly confident and imaginative and accomplished significant changes as far as style, music, and perspectives. Research papers on this period can be utilized to investigate how this time impacted African Americans today. Thus, what are a portion of the exploration paper subjects that can be found on this period?</p><p></p><p>In request to comprehend this period in American history, understudies need to see how bigotry has influenced it. This is a significant piece of having the option to effectively compose an examination paper on the period. So in case you're intending to cover this piece of the exploration paper, make certain to converse with your counselor about it.</p><p></p><p>Another thing th at you will need to converse with your guide about is the means by which to pick the correct research paper themes. The dark social blend is an extraordinary point to take a gander at. It's not just a period where African Americans rolled out tremendous improvements in their lives, yet it is likewise a period where African Americans began to come into contact with European culture and figured out how to mix it with their own.</p><p></p><p>One of the most significant interesting points when composing an exploration paper on this period is that the guidelines of American history don't make a difference here. That implies that you won't have to utilize the administration, or whenever period like that. These will be kept separate from the paper, so make certain to look at this before you start writing.</p><p></p><p>The period additionally included change in numerous different parts of American life also. African Americans were permitted to wed whites in many spots. Many white individuals had more access to news that African Americans wouldn't have been permitted to see, and that was a significant purpose behind the changes. Additionally, white men were the ones who helped support the advancement of jazz music.</p><p></p><p>Finally, one thing that came to fruition in this period that many see as questionable is long hair. Many idea that long hair was an indication of manliness, and that it was an indication of the better piece of American culture. Yet, African Americans needed something very similar, so they began to wear it to show how tolerating they were of the progressions happening to their lives.</p><p></p><p>In terms of points, some other significant parts of the investigation of this period incorporate apparel, music, hairdos, and even nourishment. There is still discussion about this everywhere throughout the world. These are territories where you can cover in y our examination paper. Furthermore, every single one of them can be a wellspring of extra data that can be utilized for additional examination later on.</p><p></p><p>So that is a rundown of a portion of the exploration paper subjects on the Harlem Renaissance period. So remember to converse with your guide about it before you start writing.</p>

Traditions of Meditation in Ancient †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Traditions of Meditation in Ancient. Answer: Introduction: A significant question has been asked many times, is Buddhism a religion? There are several criteria that can be used to answer this question. For example, the following aspects are present in case of many religions, beginning, ritual, believers, morality, goals and purpose. In the present research network, an attempt has been made to compare Buddhism with other accepted religions of the world and use these criteria from the standpoint and the belief that Buddhism is indeed a religion. First of all, the issue needs to be considered from the point of view all the beginning of the religion. In case of every religion, there is a beginning. However, the major difference that is present regarding the beginning of Buddhism and the beginning of other religions is related with the amount of time (Anderson, 1999). It needs to be noted that Buddhism had appeared overnight. That is true, Buddhism appeared overnight while other religions like Hinduism are taken endless years to evolve. But still, it has a beginning and a history. Although in terms of beginning, it is somewhat minor but still it has a beginning and a historical sense to it. This is one competitive where Buddhism is hugely similar to the other globally accepted religions (Anderson, 2003). The next issue is related with ritual. In case of Christianity, Judaism and Hinduism, which other three major religions of the world, ritual is present. In the same way, as is the case with these religions, data is also one of the two forms present in Buddhism. Therefore, while the Mahayana Buddhism has included ritual, it is eschewed by the Theravada Buddhism. Therefore even if it may be argued that only one part of Buddhism has ritual, but still, ritual is a part of Buddhism (Armstrong, 2004). At the same time, it also needs to be mentioned that not all Christians, Hindus or Jews go by all the rituals that have been described by their religion. Therefore it can act as an explanation behind the reason why the Theravada part of Buddhism does not have any ritual (Gombrich, 1984). After ritual, the next elevator is related with the followers or the believers. As is the case with other religions mentioned above, there is a widespread acceptance of Buddhism also. Therefore it cannot be d escribed as a small cult that comprises only a few thousand people (Bhikkhu, 2000). Buddhism is much larger as compared to any cult. Therefore it fulfills another criteria that has been mentioned about in order to make it a religion. Morality is something that can be found in almost every major religion. Some form of morality is also present in case of Buddhism. If it was not the case, what this would be doing simply whatever they wanted to (Bond, 1992). For example, they could have simply kill each other or done wrong to each other. Therefore, at a simple, minimal level and also at an extreme level, morality intervenes in Buddhism. It is a fact that every Buddhist has to deal with on a daily basis as is the case with any other member of another religion (Brazier, 2001). Under these circumstances, there are a large number of people who have asked the question, if Buddhism which is a popular belief system initiative also be treated as a religion. However, arguments have been given by academics from East and the West in favor of and against this proposition. While some have for Buddhism as a cult not be the reason that they are against Buddhism, but because in a heated debate how Buddhism can be placed in this well-organized educational structure (Bronkhorst, 1993). The Encyclopedia Britannica has mentioned Zoroaster, the Buddha, Aristotle and Plato as the first persons in history who have blogged regarding mind and behaviors. The logic of Buddhism is among the early records present regarding with a set of principles that are outlined for the study of the mind. There are a number of Western scholars like Albert Einstein and said Arthur C. Clarke, who were rejected towards Buddhism due to the similarities that exist between scientific philosophy and the logical thinking of Buddhism (Bronkhorst, 2007). For hundreds of years, there have been academics who have identified Buddhism as a religion that is not deceased by dogmas and theologies both Einstein and Clarke were of the opinion that in order to have a future for religion in the increasingly scientific world, a religion should be like Buddhism (Bronkhorst, 2013). The reason was that Buddha has encouraged logical reasoning as compared to beliefs, constructive thinking as compared to blind faith and testing of Buddhist concepts in the real-world as compared to theoretical Buddhism. But this is the point where Buddhism no longer remains a religion, but instead, it becomes an education system that is open to any person who wants to learn and use these tools for good use (Carrithers, 1983). The logic of Buddhism, the Eight Fold Path, Five Precepts and Buddhist Karma define the core elements of Buddhism. Although it is not possible to describe all of them in detail in the present paper, but they will be used for the purpose of establishing that is and is much more than mere philosophy or an education system than a religion. The logic of Buddhism is famous due to the reason that it was one of the first structured logical thinking system role by the human civilization (Bucknell, 1984). The idea that a seed needs to be planted for a treat to grow and for the purpose of the existence of a tree, a seed needs to be a part of the cycle, has been used for the purpose of explaining the workings of the mind. According to the philosophy of Buddhism, controlling the seed needs to be given priority. As is the case with Western philosophers and scientists after the age of Enlightenment, free independent thinking was also promoted by Buddha (Carter, 1987). Instead of depending on the r eligious rules or regulations, Buddhism promotes logical reasoning for the purpose of establishing connections between the teachings of Buddhism, dharma and the real world applications. As against a religion, the followers were told by Buddha that he was not the God and therefore he should not be blindly followed by the Buddhists (Davidson, 2003). This remains the driving force due to which Buddhism can be set apart from the conventional religions. The Eight Fold Path also copies the scientific logic and processes. It is well explained, therefore, every person has the opportunity to test its effectiveness. There are three main divisions in which it has been divided; wisdom, ethical conduct and concentration (Eliade and Adams, 1987). Furthermore, it has been broken down into factors. In this way, a striking similarity exists between a well-written scientific paper and the Buddhist layout of Eight Fold Path, due to the Buddhism has become a unique religion if one has to categorize Buddhism as a religion (Eliot, 1935). The Five Precepts provided guidelines for laypersons, but they do not set up in a way for promoting the religious rule. The fact is that there are very few persons in Buddhist countries who are pure vegetarians. Most of them, including some Buddhist monks also eat fish or other type of meat. The question arises if this is against Buddhism? The answer is both yes and no. It meat is required to survive and live a healthy life, then it is not against Buddhism. On the other hand, if meat is consumed because a person likes it, then it is against Buddhism. However, Buddhism provides that no person can claim to be a Buddhist or to be a non-Buddhist. Hence, it is up to the person to decide what is wrong and what is right (Shults, 2014). The guidelines provided by Five Precepts are not rules, but they are merely guidelines. Therefore they are not rules, but tools that can be used to make the life of a person better and happier. Buddha had also said that it is the responsibility of the petitioner to learn, tried and test the theories of Buddhism before accepting them as facts. In this way, Buddha and said that the person disagrees with something, such person is free to accept what he likes and do not take what he does not like (Robinson, 1982). There are many Buddhist and non-Buddhists who do not see any problem in accepting some parts of Buddhism and at the same time, rejecting the others. Similarly, Buddhism encourages middle path while the extreme Buddhism is even considered as a negative social issue for Buddhism itself. But at the same time, it also needs to be noted that still there are certain mythical stories present in Buddhism. For example, Buddha has discussed about gods and heavens. He is also stated that a person is his own blog, because the gods. In other dimensions do not have any power over humans. Therefore, the belief in mythical heavens is against modern science and philosophy as it has no faith or trust in any Almighty God. The belief in self God is in contradiction with the very definition of religion. As a result, this is one of the reasons why it becomes very confusing to identify Buddhism as a religion or as a philosophy. Therefore, it can be stated for the Christians, Jews and Muslims, Buddhism may not fulfill the requirements of what they believe to be a religion. However, there are all the elements present in Buddhism that are present in these religions also. Buddhism has text and scriptures dating back to as far, or even further than Jesus and Mohammed. At the same time, Buddhism also gives instructions regarding the way life should be led and practiced. However, the major difference that is present in these two is the absence of God that has created the world and the universe. In this regard, we also hear a lot of regarding the term faith by the other religions. They can be described as a "belief that is not based on proof ". Buddhism also was the belief in God or in the doctrines are the teachings of religion. As a religion it also teaches many of these lessons even better. Similarly, in the form of a religion, Buddhism allows its followers to achieve something greater than themselves through th e life lessons imparted by it and the structured practices. Some experts of Buddhism explain that it is a choice that is made by all the Buddhist practitioners, according to which they can change themselves in the way. That is beneficial for all living beings, and not only their self. On the other hand, in the form of a philosophy, Buddhism provides the same lessons to the non-followers, which can be used for improving their routine lives. Therefore it can be stated in the end that out of all the other religions, there is least conflict present in case of Buddhism with modern science and philosophy. This is the reason why persons like Albert Einstein and Sir Arthur Clarke were drawn towards Buddhism. Over the years, the philosophers from the West have used the Buddhist teachings. The concepts of Buddhism have been written by them in their own words and marketed as their own. Many Western clinical psychologists have used their knowledge of Buddhism in order to help their clients without admitting that they are using Buddhism. However, the Buddhists claim that Buddha gave a wide variety of instructions. If these instructions can help us in living the life in a better way or to solve our problems, we are free to practice them. In such cases, there is no need to call ourselves Buddhists. The purpose behind the teachings of Buddha is to benefit us and if by using some of these teachings, we can live more peacefully with ourselves and others that is the most important thing. Therefore, there is no question that Buddhism is a religion, as well as a philosophy and it should be respected as such. References Anderson, C. (1999), Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon, Routledge Anderson, C. (2003). "Four Noble Truths", In Buswell, Robert E. Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Macmillan Reference Books Armstrong, K. (2004), Buddha, Penguin Press Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2000), The Connected Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya, Wisdom Publications Bond, G. D. (1992), The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka: Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Brazier, D., (2001), The Feeling Buddha, Robinson Publishing Bronkhorst, J. (1993), The Two Traditions Of Meditation In Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass Publication Bronkhorst, J. (2007), Greater Magadha, Studies the Culture of Early India. Series: Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 2 South Asia Series, Brill Academic Publishers Inc Bronkhorst, J. (2013). Buddhist Teaching in India. Wisdom Publications Bucknell, R. (1984), "The Buddhist to Liberation: An Analysis of the Listing of Stages", The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 7 (2) Carrithers, M. (1983), The Buddha, Oxford [England]; New York: Oxford University Press Carter, J. R. (1987), "Four Noble Truths", in Jones, Lindsay, MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religions, MacMillan Davidson, R. M. (2003), Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement, New York: Columbia University Press Eliade, M., Adams C., (1987), The Encyclopedia of religion, New York: Macmillan Eliot, C., (1935), Japanese Buddhism, London: Edward Arnold Co Gombrich, R., (1984), The World of Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass Robinson, R. H. (1982), The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction (3rd ed.), Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Shults, B. (2014), "On the Buddha's Use of Some Brahmanical Motifs in Pali Texts", Journal of the Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, 6: 1219

Emily Bronte wuthering heights Essay Example For Students

Emily Bronte wuthering heights Essay Evidence for Cathys confinement in narcissism can be found in language describing her infantilism. She is referred to as a wailing child. (162) However, the most important evidence can be found in Cathys own speech when she says:- But I begin to fancy you dont like me. How strange! I thought, though everybody hated and despised each other, they could not avoid loving me and they have al turned to enemies in a few hours. (159) Cathys narcissistic self love is a response to being denied a life and a story of her own. The mirror is a psychoanalytic symbol for narcissism and in Wuthering Heights Cathy is continuously straining her gaze towards the glass. (161) For Cathy, it is not a mirror, it is a black press. (161) Black has resonances of an empty space, whereas a press could be a printing press for printing Cathys story. Cathys misrecognition reinforces the notion, however, that she has no story to print, since her life is empty like a black hole. Ellen says: There is no press in the room and never was. (161) In other words, Cathy has never had a story to tell. Nonetheless, Cathy still attempts to find her own story when she runs to the window and opens it. Cathy is greeted by the frosty air of an unfeeling patriarchy, which cut about her shoulders, symbolically decapitating Cathy with a metaphorical phallic knife (164). The implication being that in confining Cathy to the role of angel, her mind and body have been separated and Cathy is left as all women were with only her body. Cathys starvation of her body is a form of revenge against patriarchy. Since, by starving herself as well as her unborn child, she is denying patriarchys definition of her as a mere reproductive being. This rejection of her body links with anorexia nervosa, which is induced by feelings of powerlessness and rage. Therefore, her starvation could be interpreted as an attempted to reduce her body back to its childhood shape or, rather, an attempt to return to childhood: I wish I were a girl again, half savage and hardy and free .. Im sure I should be myself were I once among the heather on those hills. (163) It could be said that it is a desire to return to the pre-thetic and unite with the beloved, Heathcliff, so that she can reconstruct her true identity. In frustration, Cathy attempts to deconstruct the identity patriarchy has constructed for her when she tears open the pillow and begins to rip apart its contents by separating the feathers into their different species: Tossing about she increased her feverish bewilderment to madness, and tore the pillow with her teeth, she seemed to find childish diversion in pulling the feathers from the rents she had just made, and ranging them on the sheet according to their different species (160) Cathys naming of the individual feathers, its a lapwingss (160) is a re-enactment of what Gilbert and Gubar refer to as the deconstruction of the dead self that is a male opus', in order for Cathy to rediscover her living, inconstant self. 1 In addition, Heathcliffes sadism suggest that he is Cathys sadistic Other. The birds being starved to death by Heathcliffe is the equivalent to Cathys masochistic act of starving herself. It could be said that it is a kind of assertiveness, that this is the monster in Cathy. However, Cathys attempt to re-assert herself through starvation could not be called a significant and positive action against her oppressor, rather she is taking a negative action, because she has turn the monster against herself. Cathys confinement in narcissism has internalized her former positive fiery assertiveness and transformed it into a negative sadomasochistic fire that is consuming her. (162) Despite her misguided negative assertiveness, Cathy does achieve some kind of freedom, but not an identity or a story. .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 , .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .postImageUrl , .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 , .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4:hover , .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4:visited , .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4:active { border:0!important; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4:active , .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4 .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9b18f2321e75b3eb67f5a2cd1a7102c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Flight - creative writitng EssayTowards the end Cathy declares: My resting-place where Im bound before Spring is over! There it is, not among the Lintons, mind, under the chapel-roof; but in the open air with a headstone. (165) Here, Cathy is denying both the bourgeois family and the religious authorities which have established a believe in the bourgeois family ideal. It is a final relation against the many faces of patriarchy, but it is a relation which has come too late. 1. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic p. 17.

Privatization of Health Care System in Canada Essay Example

Privatization of Health Care System in Canada Paper Arguments both for and against the privatisation of Canada’s health care are plentiful. There is evidence by looking at any Canadian newspaper, television news program, or news oriented website on the Internet. Election polls consistently rank health care as Canadian voter’s number one concern (Wickens, 2000, 26). Reasons for supporting a two-tier system include reducing line-ups in the so called â€Å"cash? strapped† system (Fennell, 1996, 54), and to allow Canadian doctors a financially viable alternative to the United States by presenting the option to set your own wages as well as the luxury of more flexible working hours. Supporters of the blended private? public system insist that privatisation is required to advance technology and decline government budgets (Vanagas, 1995, 24). However, those worried about a change in the way this country delivers its health care feel a two-tier system would be â€Å"unCanadian† (26). In this paper I will attempt to discover for the positives and negatives of an implementation of a two? tier health care system in my home province of New Brunswick as well as the rest of Canada. Two? tier health care can be simply defined as a health care plan that will allow for a private or for? We will write a custom essay sample on Privatization of Health Care System in Canada specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Privatization of Health Care System in Canada specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Privatization of Health Care System in Canada specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer profit system to operate along side Medicare (Marshall, 200, 48). The system will allow the opportunity for those people who are willing to pay for health care to do just that. Ideally, it will take pressure off the current Medicare system by shortening waiting lists and generating revenue. The form of two-tier being proposed in New Brunswick involves a private system that will operate parallel to the current public system and will allow people to purchase private insurance if so desired (Deber et al, 1999, 539? 43). Some politicians like to define two? tier health care in different terms. BC Health Minister Paul Ramsey says, â€Å"I cannot think of a clearer definition of a two? tier health system than having one set of services available to those who have large bank accounts and can afford to just go to it and another public system for the rest of us. † This politician is obviously voicing his negative opinion of the proposed system by constructing this biased definition. I believe politicians try to appeal to voters by voicing emotional tirades about proposed alternatives to Medicare. Dr. Edwin Coffey, a past president of the Quebec Medical Association and a well-known supporter of two tier health care explains the system in this way, â€Å"In a parallel, non-competitive health insurance system, everyone pays into the universal public system also has the option of paying for private health insurance. † Before presenting the arguments that push for the implementation of a two-tier system, there is evidence that two-tier health care already exists in this country. Dr. Coffey brings to our attention that, â€Å"thanks to money, connections, influence, geographic location, level of intelligence, and availability of highly trained physicians and up-to-date technology, (some) get served first or better. † A good example of this already existing two-tier health care is the ironic case of Allan Rock, the present Federal Minister of Health. It is suspected that Rock was able to use his influence, whether directly or indirectly, to speed his wait to receive treatment. Another example supporting this theory is how our health system takes full advantage of a private system by paying and insuring â€Å"medically necessary† services such as physiotherapy, MRI tests, massage therapy, etc. (Deber et al, 1999, 539). Why is there so much controversy hovering around this issue now? Is there an alarming trend that is occurring that is making our government nervous about the integrity and stability of our health care system? Or are people beginning to notice a subtle emerge of private health care into our system? There is evidence to suggest both hypotheses. To support the latter you have to look no further than Bill 11. The controversial bill was passed in May 2000 in the province of Alberta to set new standards for private clinics by allowing publicly funded minor surgeries to be contracted to them (Palmer, The Edmonton Sun, 2001). With a passing of a bill like this I can see why some people might suspect that a trend toward two-tier is beginning. Actually, since 1975, health care purchased privately has reached above 28 per cent from less than 24 per cent (Fennell 54). You do not have to research for very long to realize that our system is riddled with problems. Our government is struggling to save money that is being spent on Medicare. Since 1993, 6,000 hospital beds have been closed across the country (54). In Ontario, health care funding has been cut from $707 million to $407 million (Turner, 1999, 13). There is also the problem regarding a doctor shortage. A recent college paper has indicated the decline of family physicians (FP’s) in the province of Ontario (Sibbald, 1999, 561). The report explains that in 1980, about one thousand doctors became FP’s in the province of Ontario, in 1997, only 187 moved into this field. I believe a private system would make it more appealing to a young medical student to practice in Canada where they will be able to set their own wages, their own hours, and other benefits seen in private clinics. Finally, there is growing concern among the people of this country about the stability and integrity of our health care system. This was clear in a 2000 MacLean’s conducted poll, which revealed for the second year in a row that the issue of health care is the main concern of Canadians (Marshall, 2000, 48). An article in the British Medical Journal revealed that the percentage of Canadians satisfied with the health care system dropped from 56 per cent to 20 per cent between 1987 and 1997(Spurgeon, 2000, 1295). There are many problems plaguing our current health care system among them waiting lists seem to be a major concern among Canadians. A survey reported in an article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal (Sanmartin et al, 2000, 1305), claimed that almost two-thirds of those surveyed felt that waiting times for surgery had grown over the previous 12 months, and half felt that access to specialists had become more difficult. Daniel Doyle, a cardiovascular surgeon from Laval University described how patients are dying while on waiting lists for bypass surgery. This was reiterated by an article in Canadian Business (Turner, 1999, 13), which described the unfortunate death of a 59-year-old Toronto machinist who died of a heart attack while waiting for an angiogram. An angiogram is a test done to determine if a heart condition is present. Also in this article it is apparent that doctor’s concerns are rising dramatically. I feel that waiting lists will be reduced if people have an alternate parallel system to seek their health care. There is also some concern among doctors that their ability to provide quality health care in this country is reduced because of our system. This was demonstrated in the case of Dr. Jacques Chaoulli, a FP in the province of Quebec. His case was reported in a 1999 article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal by Susan Pinker. He has created a mobile emergency room in a van that is equipped with an X-ray machine, a darkroom, a portable electrocardiograph, intravenous equipment as well as other medical equipment. His plan was to charge people for his emergency medical care. However, under the Quebec Health Care Act, it is illegal for him to sell his private medical service. In pure Hippocratic Oath style, Chaoulli has retorted, â€Å"I have a duty to provide a good service to my patients. No one should interfere. No one should block me when I want to help my patients and alleviate their pain. † Embedded in the Hippocratic Tradition is Percival’s Code of 1803 which describes the duty a physician must fulfil to benefit the patient (Veatch, 2000, 6). It seems that because of the current health care system, Chaoulli feels that he is being prevented to completely fulfil his duty to benefit the patient. By allowing the doctors the option to work in a private health care setting, we are allowing them more of an option to fully benefit their patients by removing the confines of long waiting lists and legal issues about the degree of health care they can provide (I. E. , providing a medical emergency van which would be extremely useful to those people confined to their homes). There is evidence that private health care already exists to some extent in this country. Former president of the Canadian Medical Association, Judith Kazimirski explains, â€Å"We are allowing passive private medicine to move in . . . in an unregulated and unplanned way. † This statement was made in 1996, and only Bill 11 passed in Alberta is all the significant action that has taken place. I believe that if something is introduced into society laws and regulations must be placed on it. For example a new drug finds its way into our society, it has healing powers but if used in alternate ways, it is a very appealing recreational drug. It would be expected that laws would be put into place to help regulate its use. The above mentions notions are ones that paint the possibility of a Two-Tiered system in a positive light. There are however, many countervailing arguments on this topic. Firstly it is the argument of whether or not we are morally obligated to prevent the transition of health into a buyable commodity. People feel that it is unfair to profit from vulnerable families or individuals when they are ill (Weir, The Telegraph Journal, 2001). People also see the danger in health care becoming a commodity with risk of costs going up and up just to see what the market will stand. Another argument is one, which is bounded in the legalities of the Canada Health Act (1984). The claim is, the Act was explicitly designed to prevent the birth of a two-tier system (Shortt, 2000, 1291). The Canada Health Act (1984) is based on five words: pubically administrated, comprehensiveness, universality, equality, and portability (Kluge, 1999, 48). Kluge argues that part of the foundation of the Act is prevention of the ability to pay to improve your access to health care. The argument exists that private clinics by symbolizing inequality are not following the principle of universality in the Canada Health Act (1984), (Vanagas, 1995, 24). However, arguments to help defend against this stand are quite present. Most notably, an article included in the Kluge text written by John K. Iglehart. He makes comparisons between the Canadian health care system and systems used in the US and UK. Firstly what needs to be acknowledged here is the tremendous pride many Canadians take in our health care system. Al Yarr, a retired physical education professor in Halifax says that, â€Å"Our health care system is one of the things that make Canada great†. Iglehart replies to this â€Å"romantic† idea of a health care system making your country great by explaining how the system is outdated and is not able to cope with rising costs. He points out that: In the face of a large deficit, the national government continues to reduce its financial commitment to the plans; patients and practitioners are demanding access to the latest forms of medical technology; the supply of physicians continues to increase at a rate out-stripping the growth of the population; and doctors are restive as provinces work more aggressively to stem the rise in health expenditures. Another countervailing argument that has been documented is the inability of a two-tier system to reduce waiting lists. As well, the question of whether there really is a waiting list problem in our country. Studies published between 1996 and 1998 reported no significant increase in waiting time for most surgical procedures (Spurgeon, 2000, 1295). Another argument I have come across, is the possibility that a private sector will have the capacity to drain talent from the public sector (Marshall, 2000, 48). Is there a possibility that there could be regulations put in place to reduce the chance of a trend like this occurring? For example, perhaps a doctor must work for so long in the public sector before being able to earn the â€Å"right† to work in the private sector. Throughout the articles I have researched those are the main countervailing arguments. That is to say, they appeared most throughout the articles. In conclusion, I would like to state that when I took on this topic I was relatively impartial. I have always considered myself quite conservative and naturally envisioned myself writing a paper opposed to a proposed two-tier health care system in this country. As I continued reading articles, I realized that many of the arguments against such a system were lacking. Several were based on the idea of making our country a wonderful place to live. I realized now that there is nothing great about a health care system that is not financially viable in the ever-increasing technology base health care society we are now emerged.